Portable treatment system to treat cafeteria sullage water using effective microorganism and biomedia

This study investigates portable water treatment in small scale size according to the design in the previous research that can solve the main problem of water pollution faced by UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. The objectives of this study are to design and produce a portable water treatment system using effective microbioorganism and biomedia to reduce contamination of sullage water and to analyze and make a comparative study with other designs to treat sullage water focusing on UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. To produce portable water treatment, a do-it-yourself (DIY) tank from polypropylene container box with volume of 151 L was designed, incorporating two types of biological treatments, namely effective microorganism and biomedia. This study also reviewed and compares the analysis results of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid of water treatment from previous studies. At the end of this study, the expected results obtained were comparable with results from the previous studies. As a recommendation, actual laboratory tests must be conducted for future work to obtain accurate data for the parameters analyzed

Study on the ability of black soldier fly larvae for reducing the house fly eggs in poultry manure

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are a good source of protein for aquaculture, animal feed, pet and human nutrition. Larvae have a healthy appetite and can be used to make household waste compost and residual agricultural. For previous study [1], observed that the BSFL can be grown in a variety of organic waste stream including pig manure, kitchen waste, fruits and vegetables, and given to the fish. In addition, the larvae benefit from the use of natural resources to overcome the problem of life cycle of widespread flies in the poultry farm openly. Therefore, it is important to note that the poultry farms release many particles into the air that endanger human health and the environment

Suitability study on chicken dung and fruit waste as Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) diet

Production of chicken increases due to the demand of their eggs and meats [1]. As a result, a massive amount of chicken dung has been generated. Raw chicken dung has adverse effect on plants. Therefore, it should be composted or aged prior to use as raw chicken dung as it contains pathogens as well as urine, feathers, undigested food and coop bedding material that can harm people and animals [2]. If composting is properly done, the process destroys disease-causing organisms, making chicken dung safe to be used around plants, people and pets [2]. Chicken dung is rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and calcium, and also rich in organic matter compared to other manures. The addition of organic matter to soils increases water-holding capacity of soil, improves aeration and drainage, reduces erosion, reduces fertilizer leaching and improves soil structure for plants [2]. Furthermore, organic matter provides food source for soil microbes, which increases soil biological diversity, accelerates the breakdown of organic nutrients for plants to improve plant health.

Use of black soldier fly larvae composter bin to reduce household food waste

Food waste is the largest component in municipal solid waste (MSW). About 1.3 billion tons of food, which is equivalent to one third of global food production is lost or wasted every year along the food supply chain [1]. In Malaysia, total generation of MSW is 15,000 tons. This MSW consists of 50% food waste, of which 70% is disposed at the landfill sites [2]. It was reported that in average a household in Malaysia throw away around 0.5-0.8 kg uneaten food per day [3]. This food waste is recognized as huge problem worldwide and it becomes particularly severe to developing country. There are many methods that can be carried out to reduce the food waste generation. Composting method is one of the methods to convert food waste into valuable product with minimum cost

Potential application of LDPE plastic waste into tiles

Plastic has interesting characteristics which makes it the most used material in the world. However, plastic is known to be a non-biodegradable material which unable to naturally decompost in soil and thus contribute to environmental issue. As alternative, plastic waste has been recycled to produce quality and sustainable construction materials as the source is abundant. Thus, this study is carried out to utilize plastic waste particularly low density polyethylene (LDPE) and with sand in manufacturing tiles in two different sand and plastic waste ratios of 2:1 and 2:2. The tiles manufactured were further analyzed for their water absorption and compressive strength. It was found that the tiles made of mixture ratio of 2:2 have higher compressive strength and lower weight compared to that of 2:1 ratio. The average weight of tiles for 2:1 ratio was 891.59 g, while ratio 2:2 produced tiles with weight of 1319.5 g. Tiles manufactured from the plastic waste also showed better water absorption and compressive strength compared to normal cement tiles

Determination of baseflow quantity by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Google Earth

Baseflow is most important in low-flow hydrological features [1]. It is a function of a large number of variables that include factors such as topography, geology, soil, vegetation, and climate. In many catchments, base flow is an important component of streamflow and, therefore, base flow separations have been widely studied and have a long history in science. Baseflow separation methods can be divided into two main groups: non-tracer-based and tracer- based separation methods of hydrology. Besides, the base flow is determined by fitting a unit hydrograph model with information from the recession limbs of the hydrograph and extrapolating it backward

Use of Moringa Oleifera Seeds as Coagulant for Groundwater Treatment in Batch Scale Study

Water is the most valuable resource and the most passionately contested which is necessary for all life on the earth. A full 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water and most mammals, like humans, are made up of 55-75% water [1]. Groundwater is the water that fills cracks and other openings in the bed of rocks and sand where each drop of rain that soaks into the soil moves downward to the water table, which is the water level in the groundwater reservoir. The population growth of Malaysia in 2010 is approximately 28.6 million, whereby year 2040 the population is estimated to increase until 38.6 million. The estimated water uses in Malaysia in year 2010 about 13,200 Million Liters per Day (MLD). However, by year 2020 the estimated water use will be increased to 16, 000 MLD. Besides that, the estimated groundwater use of Malaysia is 450 MLD which is approximately 3.4% of total water use, 60% for domestic, 35% for industry and 5% for the agriculture [2]

Hydrodinamic simulation model at Awana Porto Malai, Langkawi during spring tide

A using of hydrodynamic modelling whether physically or mathematics is a method that are very important to explaining phenomena which occurred in coast and represent dynamic comprehensive in detail. Apart from that, numerical calculation models also can be used for simulate current, water level and sediment transport and salinity [1]. There are some methods to understand hydrodynamic tide, which is numeric model. The using of numeric model is much cheaper compared to direct survey from field or develop hydraulic model

Application of easy rotary aeration composter (Ezrac) for composting vegetables waste

Malaysia experiences a great development and diversifies its economy in manufacturing, services, and tourism, particularly after 1981. As many other developing countries, Malaysia faces conflict between economic growth and conservation of environment. However, it has recognised the concept of sustainable development and has embedded this concept in its policies, vision, mission, and plans

Anionic surfactants in environmental water samples: a review

The complexity of environmental chemical exposure become a major concern because an essential objective of the global research effort is to improve life quality feature. Currently, environmental monitoring has become even more critical as human population increase, with the increasing strains on the environment. Surprisingly, enormous quantities of anionic surfactants (AS) are being used in households and industry every day, and most of it was end up with dispersed in different environmental compartments such as soil, water, and sediment [1]